Utilizing Zakat for sanitation in BAZNAS Jember, the perspective of Maqasid As-Syari'ah." IAIN Jember Postgraduate Program, Sharia Faculty

ILI, HAL (2021) Utilizing Zakat for sanitation in BAZNAS Jember, the perspective of Maqasid As-Syari'ah." IAIN Jember Postgraduate Program, Sharia Faculty. Masters thesis, IAIN Jember.

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Abstract

Difficulties in getting access to clean water that can be directly consumed and used as sanitation facilities that ensure their health are experienced in many areas in Indonesia. Consequently, it can cause various diseases, such as diarrhea due to the lack of water and contaminated water. This case has prompted Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) Jember to take the initiative to distribute its zakat funds in the form of construction or renovation of sanitation facilities. BAZNAS Jember has several programs, focusing on health programs related to the construction of sanitation facilities. Meanwhile, human beings are dynamic in their development, both in terms of their mindset and perspective on Islamic law. Thus, it becomes essential that the Maqasid as-Sharia review in the utilization of zakat for sanitation is used because zakat for sanitation is not discussed explicitly in the al-Quran and as-Sunnah. Based on the description of the research context that has been mentioned above, the problem formulations are as follow: (1) What is the form of zakat utilization for sanitation in BAZNAS Jember ? and (2) What is Maqasid as-Syari'ah's perspective on the utilization of zakat in the form of sanitation? This study aims to: 1). Explore what sanitation is and what it does; 2). Understand how to use zakat for sanitation in BAZNAS Jember; and 3). Elaborate how Maqasid As-Syari'ah views the utilization of zakat for sanitation. The present research employs qualitative research procedures so that the resulting data was written descriptively. The approach used is the Maqasid As-Syari'ah approach. The data was obtained by interview and documentation. After the data had been collected, it was analyzed using descriptive analysis, which refers to inductive data analysis. From the results of the analysis, it was found out that the utilization of zakat in the form of sanitation is done by building sanitation facilities such as ablution places, toilets, water reservoirs, and bathrooms. There were several stages in the utilization of zakat, first, with socialization. Socialization was carried out by visiting institutions, agencies, housing, and holding assemblies. Second, zakat services included picking up zakat, transferring it to the zakat institution account, or directly visiting the zakat institution office. The third step was implementation. Sanitation in the view of Maqashid can fall into the category of needs that are dharury ( ضرورية ). It is included in hifdz al-din in the aspect of al-wujud because besides water and related tools such as proper sanitation facilities are basic human needs, water is also a media for cleanliness and holiness for the purposes of worshiping. Additionally, the concept of zakat cannot be ruled out ( تقديم فالأحواج الأحواج ), meaning what is more needed. In other words, it also means to meet basic needs such as eating and having a decent place to live. Still, economic activity is hampered due to the access of sanitation that is inadequate, which was first hajiyat ( (حاجية or even tahsiniyat ( تحسنية ) could be upgraded to dharury ( ضرورية ). Thus, the concepts of dharury ( ضرورية ), hajiyat ( حاجية ) and tahsiniyat ( تحسنية ) do not apply in the hierarchy. However, they are complementary and alternating in one partial case.

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