Implementasi Qadha' dan Qadar pada Pedagang Pasar Sukosari Bondowoso

Al-Masduqi, Himayatu Syarafatil Furqon (2025) Implementasi Qadha' dan Qadar pada Pedagang Pasar Sukosari Bondowoso. Masters thesis, UIN KH Achmad Siddiq Jember.

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Abstract

Keywords: Trader, Qadha’, Qadar.
Indonesia, as a country with a Muslim majority population, adopts Islamic teachings particularly the doctrine of qadha’ and qadar as a guiding principle in life, including in economic activities. In the Sukosari Market of Bondowoso, belief in Allah’s decree influences traders' perspectives and behaviors in facing business challenges. Some traders exhibit a sense of resignation to the outcomes, while others emphasize effort, reflecting different understandings in applying qadha’ and qadar. This indicates that faith-based values can serve as a driving force for a work ethic grounded in honesty, discipline, and responsibility. Therefore, research is needed so that the understanding of qadha’ and qadar goes beyond theory and becomes applicable in social and economic life.
This research is a qualitative study using a phenomenological approach and a field research method, aiming to describe and understand the lived experiences of traders at Sukosari Market, Bondowoso, in relation to their beliefs and the implementation of the Islamic doctrine of qadha’ and qadar in their economic activities, including how they respond to profit, loss, and competition. The study was conducted at Sukosari Market in Bondowoso, involving traders as research subjects selected through purposive sampling. The researcher’s direct presence in the field enabled intensive interaction, allowing for deeper and more contextual data collection. Data were gathered through interviews, observation, and documentation, and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Triangulation techniques were also employed to enhance the validity of the data. This study aims to address two main research questions: how traders at Sukosari Market understand qadha’ and qadar, and how these concepts are implemented in their daily economic practices.
The findings of this study reveal that the understanding and implementation of the concepts of qadha’ and qadar among traders at Sukosari Market, Bondowoso, are largely practical. Although not all traders are able to explain these concepts in theoretical terms, they relate them directly to the everyday dynamics of trade, such as profit, loss, and market uncertainty. Belief in qadha’ and qadar gives rise to three key attitudes in trading practices: optimism, tawakkal (trust in God), and a strong work ethic. These attitudes play a significant role in fostering mental resilience, discipline, and integrity in business. The traders believe that sustenance (rezeki) is determined by Allah, yet they also recognize the importance of maximum effort and honesty. These findings align with the principles of Ash‘ari theology, which emphasizes that everything happens by the will of Allah, while humans still bear the responsibility to make efforts. Thus, the concepts of qadha’ and qadar are not understood in a fatalistic manner, but rather serve as spiritual and moral strengths in facing economic challenges and running a business that is both halal and blessed.

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