The Solar Circulation Concept (In the Perspective of Nicolaus Copernicus in On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres Book and Fakr al-Di>n al-Ra>zi in Mafa>tih~ al-Ghayb Tafsir Book)

Syarifah, Ma'isyatusy (2018) The Solar Circulation Concept (In the Perspective of Nicolaus Copernicus in On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres Book and Fakr al-Di>n al-Ra>zi in Mafa>tih~ al-Ghayb Tafsir Book). Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember.

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Abstract

Al-Qur'an as the main authority in Islam, teaches that the universe and everything in it is not an independent reality but signs (sign-ayat). This is what then makes the mufassir interested to interpret the Kauniyah verses, until the birth of the interpretation style "tafsir scientific”. The mufassir who belongs to the style of scientific interpretation is Fakr al-Di>n al-Ra>zi reviews many of the Kauniyah verses in his commentary, namely Mafa>tih~ al-Ghayb, one of which is about the circulation of the sun. Debate There is nothing related to the circulation of the sun among astronomers In the end, this is due to differences in opinion among scientists say that the earth is the center of the solar system, while other scientists say that the sun is the center of the solar system. In this case Nicolaus Copernicus was one of the astronomers who said that the Sun is the center of the circulation of the solar system with a theory known as Heliocentric as outlined in his work entitled On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. Based on the explanation above, researchers feel the need to research circulation of the sun from the perspective of Nicolaus Copernicus and Fakr al-Di>n al-Ra>zi. The focus of the problem of this research is first, how is the concept of circulation the sun according to Nicolaus Copernicus. Second, how is the concept of Fakr al-Di>n alRa>zi in the book Tafsir Mafatih al-Ghayb regarding the concept of the sun's circulation, and the third, what are the similarities and differences in the concept of the sun's circulation according to the Heliocentric theory of Nicolaus Copernicus and the interpretation of Fakr al-Din alRa>zi in the book Tafsir Mafa>tih~ al-Ghayb. The purpose of this research is to Know the sun's circulation according to the Heliocentric theory of Nicolaus Copernicus and Fakhr al-Din al-Razi's interpretation of the circulation of the sun in the book Interpretation of Mafatih al-Ghayb, and explaining the similarities and differences of opinion both of them. This study uses the Adaby and History approach, with descriptive-analytical method, and the type of research is library research. Technique data collection in this study using documentary techniques. The results of this study are: Nicolaus Copernicus and agreed that the sun is the center of the solar system. While there are 3 differences according to both: 1) According to Copernicus the sun just stays in its orbit, whereas according to al-Ra>zi the sun walks around the earth. 2) Planets are around the sun according to Copernicus there are nine, while according to al-Ra>zi there are seven. 3) The planets revolve around the sun elliptical orbit, while according to al-Ra>zi round. Keywords: Heliocentric Theory, Circulation of the Sun

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